Lecture course : Physical Cosmology
Lecturers
: Mirt Gramann and Erik Tago
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction (2h)
1.1 Formation of modern cosmology.
Cosmology and other related sciences. A short history of cosmology.
Problems of modern cosmology.
1.2 Observations in cosmology.
What quantities cosmology measures and methods used. Observations at different wavelenghts.
Great projects in cosmology.
Chapter 2.
The Standard Model of the Universe (8h)
2.1
Expansion of the Universe
Discovery. Redshift. Hubble law. Cosmological principle. Curvature of the space-time.
Robertson-Walker metrics. Distances in cosmology. Hubble diagram. .
2.2
Cosmological models
Friedmann equations.
Cosmological parametres. Age of the Universe. Dark energy.
2.3
Microwave background radiation
Discovery of the CMB radiation, its properties. Energy density in the expanding universe. Recombination.
2.4
Cosmonucleosynthesis
Atomic nuclii in the early Universe. Baryon matter density.
Relic neutrino background.
Chapter 3.
Matter density in the Universe (4h)
Masses of galaxies.Dark matter in the systems of galaxies. Mean density of the
Universe. Gravitational lenses. Candidates for dark matter.
Chapter 4.
The very early Universe (2h)
The beginning of the Big Bang. Planck time.
Matter and antimatter in the Universe. Inflation theory. Formation of initial perturbations.
Chapter 5.
Large scale structure of the Universe (8h)
6.1
Cosmography
Clusters and superclusters of galaxies. Spatial distribution of systems of the
galaxies. Quantitative dscription of the distribution of galaxies.
6.2
Formation and evolution of the structure of the Universe
Evolution of density and velocity perturbations in the expanding Universe.
Power spectrum of perturbations. Anisotropy of microwave background
radiation.
Chapter 6.
Evolution of galaxies and the first objects in the Universe (6h)
6.1.
Galaxies and their properties
Elliptical and spiral galaxies. Young galaxies. Formation of the first stars and
galaxies. Reionisation of the Universe.
Evolution of galaxies
6.2.
Quasars and intergalactic gas. Model of massive black hole.
Chapter 7.
Problems of modern cosmology
Fundamental problems in cosmology. Contents of the Universe. Large-scale
structure. The very early universe.
References
1.
M. Roos, 1997, 2003 Introduction to Cosmology, John Wiley and Sons
2.
P. Coles and F. Lucchin, 2002, Cosmology, The Origin and Evolution
of Cosmic Structure, John Wiley and Sons
3. J. Peacock, 1999, Cosmological Physics,
Cambridge Univ. Press
4.
M. Rowan-Robinson, 2003, Cosmology, Oxford University Press
5.
V.J. Martinez, E. Saar, 2002, Statistics of the Galaxy Distribution,
Chapman and Hall/CRC
6.
P.J.E.Peebles, 1993, Principles of Physical Cosmology, Princeton
Univ. Press
7.
A. R. Liddle, D. H. Lyth, 2000, Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale
Structure, Cambridge University Press.